Acute ischemic stroke associated with nephrotic syndrome: Incidence and significance — Retrospective cohort study

Hirotaka Iwaki, Masaru Kuriyama, Shuichiro Neshige, Shinichi Takeshima, Takahiro Himeno, Kazuhiro Takamatsu, Yutaka Shimoe, Hiromitsu Kobayashi, Masahiro Nomoto, Akio Tanaka

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2015.10.002
• p47–50
• Published online: October 14 2015
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We report 10 cases with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) with nephrotic syndrome (NS), and clarified its incidence and clinical characteristics. The patients having albumin less than 3.0 g/dl and serum cholesterol greater than 250 mg/dl at the same time were retrospectively screened from 11,161 cases of stroke. Furthermore, the patients of AIS showing heavy proteinuria were selected. The 10 cases were diagnosed as AIS with NS. Its incidence was 0.09% of all kinds of stroke and 0.12% of AIS. Their subtypes were 6 large-artery atherosclerosis, 3 small-vessel occlusion, and 1 cardioembolism.

Benefit of ELISpot in early diagnosis of tuberculous meningoencephalitis: Case report and literature review

Josefine Blume, Josef Köstler, Robert Weissert

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2015.10.004
• p51–53
• Published online: November 3 2015
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Tuberculous meningitis and meningoencephalitis are rare and dangerous complications of infections with mycobacteria-complex. Usually these are complications of systemic florid infection with Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis. They are most often seen in immune compromised patients. The confirmation of diagnosis can be elaborate and delayed due to long-term culture requirements for M. tuberculosis. We present a female patient, without history of immunosuppression, who was diagnosed with tuberculous meningoencephalitis using ELISpot to detect immune reactivity against mycobacterial antigens with lymphocytes from cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Extensive necrotizing lymphadenitis complicated by an aseptic meningeal reaction

Osamu Imataki, Maki Oku, Makiko Uemura

• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensci.2015.11.004
• p54–55
• Published online: November 20 2015
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Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis (SNL), also known as Kikuchi disease (named after the finder of this syndrome [1]), is an inflammatory disease seen in adolescents and young adults. Masahiro Kikuchi established the clinical entity of SNL, which is pathologically characterized as histiocytic inflammatory lymphadenitis without the infiltration of neutrophils. A majority of the cases involve the cervical lymph nodes and occur in young female adults. SNL is well-known as a self-limiting pathogenesis which generally does not require any specific treatment.